Instructions for using amoxiclav, what it helps with

• July 5, 2019
• Other drugs
• Savelyeva Victoria

According to statistics, most common diseases are the result of bacterial invasion of the body. Among the important drugs recommended by WHO for the treatment of bacterial infections is Amoxiclav. This medication was created specifically to combat strains that most often affect humans, and can not only inhibit the activity of dangerous microscopic organisms, but also strengthen the immune system’s resistance to bacterial damage.

Amoxiclav release form and composition

This medicine is prescribed to patients of different age groups, at the youngest as well as at the older age. It has several convenient forms of use and is available in tablets, powder for suspension, and also as a preparation for intravenous injection.

The activity of the drug is due to the active component in the composition of the drug "Amoxiclav", which is amoxicillin, which serves as a semi-synthetic substitute for penicillin. This compound is not resistant to the bacterial enzyme β-lactamase. In order to protect the antibiotic from the destructive effects of these bacteria, clavulanic acid is added to it, which reduces the activity of aggressors and thereby helps amoxicillin to fully express itself.

Both ingredients are the basis of the drug in question. Amoxicillin in the drug "Amoxiclav" is included in tablets in different dosages, for example, they are produced in 250, 500, and 875 milligrams. The concentration of clavulanic acid always remains unchanged and is 125 milligrams.

The rest of the medication consists of auxiliary ingredients: titanium dioxide along with cellulose, povidone, talc and other substances. Thanks to polymer compounds, the surface of the pill becomes smooth. At the break they are crumbly and white in color, their shape is round. There is an imprint on one side and a dividing strip on the other.

According to the instructions for use of Amoxiclav, the powder for the suspension is mixed with water immediately before starting therapy. The dosage of the active ingredients in it is recalculated per 5 milliliters of the finished medicine. Thus, the powder is produced in three concentrations of 125/31.25, 250/62.5 and 400/57 milligrams, where the first value indicates the amount of amoxicillin, and the second indicates the content of clavulanic acid in the drug. In addition to the active ingredients, this composition includes flavors along with thickeners, sweeteners and preservatives.

This release form of “Amoxiclav” as injection bottles can be found in dosages: 500+100 milligrams, and in addition, 1000+200, where the values ​​also indicate the concentration of the antibiotic and the acid that activates it.

Amoxiclav drug

The unique antibiotic amoxiclav is classified as a powerful drug that is widely used to rid the human body of bacterial infections. The active ingredients in the drug are easily tolerated by patients, side effects are rare, so the drug is recommended for widespread use by all age categories.

The destructive effect of amoxiclav tablets is due to the clavulanic acid included in its composition. The substance helps amoxocillin not to react to the action of lactamases produced by affected cells.

Dynamics in the body

The first component is amoxicillin, which is a semisynthetic antibiotic with extended action. It actively destroys bacteria that react to the action of the drug, but does not affect those that secrete a harmful enzyme. Amoxicillin destroys the walls of bacteria, which leads to the death of pathogens.

The second component of the drug is clavulanic acid, which is a beta-lactamate similar to penicillin in its chemical action. It inhibits beta-lactamases that are resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins. Some types of gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms produce lactamases, which leads to the destruction of amoxicillin before it can act on bacteria and viruses.

Clavulanate acts as a blocker of harmful enzymes and restores the sensitivity of bacterial pathogens to penicillins, while significantly reducing the resistance of the antibiotic drug. The effect of the antibiotic is less on bacteria producing beta-lactamases of the first chromosomal type. Clavulanic acid is not used separately from amoxicillin; it expands the effect of amoxiclav only when paired with penicillin antibiotics.

Reasons for the development of resistance

The increase in the indicator occurs according to the following criteria:

• inactive bacterial pathogens of classes B, C, D produce lactamases that do not perceive the action of clavulanate;
• proteins that bind penicillin have become deformed or destroyed, and the work of the antibiotic has decreased significantly;
• Some gram-negative microorganisms have a cell wall that is impermeable to amoxillin, which primarily leads to increased resistance.

Application of amoxiclav

An antibiotic treats inflammatory diseases caused by microorganisms that are sensitive to the drug:

• diseases of the ear, throat, nose of infectious origin (these include tonsillitis, otitis media, pharyngeal abscesses, pharyngitis, sinusitis, rhinitis, etc.);
• diseases of the ureters (prostatitis, cystitis) of an infectious nature;
• inflammation of the female genital organs;
• diseases of the lower respiratory tract (chronic and acute bronchitis, pneumonia);
• infectious infections of bone tissue and connective cartilage;
• bacteriological inflammation of the skin and tissues;
• inflammation of the gallbladder and ducts (cholecystitis);
• odontogenic type infections.

Existing contraindications for taking amoxiclav tablets

Not all patients can be treated with the drug; some diseases are not suitable for treatment with an antibiotic:

• lymphatic leukemia;
• infectious mononucleosis;
• in the anamnesis, when using clavulanate or amoxicillin in treatment, the patient developed holistic jaundice;
• hypersensitivity to cephalosporin, penicillin, beta-lactam antibiotics;
• increased reaction to the active substances of the drug.

For severe liver and kidney diseases and developing failure of these organs, amoxiclav is prescribed with caution and under medical supervision.

Associated side effects when taken

Amoxiclav, if it causes unpleasant effects, they are short-term and do not cause permanent abnormalities in the body:

• on the part of the circulatory system, leukemia of a reversible nature, the formation of blood clots is observed, in isolated cases symptoms of pancytopenia and eosinophilia are observed;
• the digestive system responds with side effects in the form of nausea and vomiting, loss of appetite, diarrhea, pain in the abdomen, impaired liver function, in some cases jaundice, hepatitis, colitis occur;
• allergic reactions cause rash, itching, urticaria, in isolated manifestations there is swelling, vasculitis, anaphylactic shock, pustulosis, dermatitis;
• the nervous system responds to the action of the antibiotic with dizziness, sometimes cramping pain in the limbs, high agitation and hyperactivity, sleep disturbance and anxiety;
• on the part of the urinary system, interstitial nephritis develops, symptoms of crystalluria are observed;
• sometimes secondary superinfection develops.

Pharmacological properties

The action of "Amoxiclav" for adults is to inhibit the process of peptide synthesis, which is necessary for the construction of microbial cells, which leads to the decomposition of the pathogen and the gradual death of all bacteria. Amoxicillin itself has extremely low resistance to enzymes produced by microbes; therefore, as already noted, to enhance its effect, clavulanic acid is added to the drug, which protects the compound from decomposition processes. Also, being an active ingredient, it exhibits certain antimicrobial activity.

Both chemical ingredients are highly bioavailable. They are found in all organs, in fluids and tissues, including in inflammatory and purulent exudate, as well as in the intercellular component. The exception is the intact meninges. The compound penetrates there only in the presence of changes that are associated with the inflammatory process.

During the experiments, it turned out that both active ingredients can overcome the placental barrier, concentrating in the tissues of the fetus. True, a negative impact on the baby’s development cannot be established.

It must be said that the drug in question “Amoxiclav” for adults acts quickly. Already an hour after administration, its volume in the blood can reach its highest value. It is eliminated quite quickly (its half-life is one and a half hours); it is mainly expelled from the body by the kidneys (about half in unchanged form). If the functions of this organ decrease during therapy, you need to carefully monitor its condition and constantly monitor your blood count.

Amoxiclav: expensive, but more effective

Taking antibiotics is a common method of treating bacterial infections. But, having received a prescription from a doctor to take medications, we sometimes want to replace the medicine prescribed by the doctor with a cheaper analogue. Since the active ingredient is the same, we think, then why overpay.

In the case of Amoxiclav, not everything is so simple. The same active ingredient - amoxicillin - is contained in many similar drugs, this does not mean that the effectiveness against certain infections will be the same for all.

Let's take a closer look at why a doctor may prescribe Amoxiclav and not another drug.

The difference between Amoxiclav and analogues

The difference between Amoxiclav and analogues

Amoxiclav is a broad-spectrum antibiotic from the penicillin group. The active ingredient is amoxicillin combined with clavulanic acid. Both substances interact well with each other without losing their pharmacological properties. This combination is unique in its own way. This is what ensures the high effectiveness of this product.

Antibiotics of the penicillin group act against bacterial cells by binding to their surface receptors. Bacteria lose their ability to reproduce and die.

However, over a long period of use of these agents, many pathogenic microorganisms have learned to neutralize the effect of antibacterial drugs using specific enzymes (beta-lactamases) and even destroy the structure of the antibacterial substance. In this case, the antibiotic will not be able to have a therapeutic effect.

Clavulanic acid, introduced into Amoxiclav, reduces the activity of these enzymes, due to which the drug effectively fights bacteria, even those that have already developed resistance to amoxicillin.

It has a pronounced bactericidal effect against streptococci, listeria, echinococci, and gram-negative anaerobic microorganisms. Clavulanic acid itself also has a weak antibacterial effect.

Amoxiclav is very well absorbed in the human body, and food intake does not affect its absorption. Its effect begins within the first hour after administration, the drug quickly spreads throughout the tissues and organs.

In small quantities, both amoxicillin and clavulanic acid cross the placental barrier and breast milk.

Clavulanic acid actively enters into the body's metabolic processes, amoxicillin is partially destroyed.

The drug is excreted from the body mainly by the kidneys, in small quantities by the lungs and intestines.

Indications for use

Indications for use

Amoxiclav is a broad-spectrum antibiotic; it is prescribed for the treatment of the following diseases:

• acute and chronic diseases of the respiratory tract (sinusitis, otitis media, bronchitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, etc.);
• diseases of the urinary system (cystitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, etc.);
• inflammatory processes of the biliary tract;
• gynecological infections;
• infectious diseases of connective and bone tissue;
• infections of soft tissues and skin (including treatment of infected wounds);
• sexually transmitted infectious diseases (gonorrhea, chancroid);
• treatment of mixed infections caused by gram-positive, gram-negative bacteria and anaerobic pathogens (ENT infections, abdominal infections, breast abscess);
• prevention of infections in the postoperative period.

Amoxiclav can also be used to treat other diseases if the bacterial nature of the infection and the sensitivity of the microflora to amoxicillin are proven.

Release form

Release form

Amoxiclav is available in a variety of forms, which allows it to be taken for diseases of varying severity and in the treatment of people of different age groups. The drug can be prescribed by a doctor in the form of:

• film-coated tablets (375 mg, 625 mg, 1000 mg);
• powder for preparing a suspension;
• lyophilisate for preparing a solution for intravenous infusion.

Amoxiclav tablets are white or beige-white, oval, biconvex in shape. Before use, it is advisable to chew the tablet or dissolve it in half a glass of water. Absorption of Amoxiclav begins in the stomach and crushing/dissolving the tablet will speed up this process.

The tablets differ in the proportions of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid, so 1 tablet of 625 mg should in no case be replaced with two tablets of 375 mg, since the amount of active substance per kilogram of the patient’s weight will be calculated incorrectly.

Powder for preparing a suspension is used to treat children. It contains sweeteners and fruit flavors to make the medication easier to take even for little ones.

Bottles of different sizes are available (35 ml, 50 ml, 70 ml, 140 ml) so that its contents can be used most efficiently.

The suspension is a more convenient form of taking this medication, and although primarily aimed at children, it is also suitable for adults.

Release form

The suspension is prepared by adding water (preferably boiled and cooled to room temperature) to the powder in a bottle according to the attached instructions.

Water is added to the mark on the bottle in two doses; after each addition, the bottle should be shaken vigorously to completely dissolve the powder and form a suspension.

The prepared suspension should be stored in the refrigerator, the bottle should be tightly closed, its shelf life in such conditions is no more than 7 days. Before using the suspension, the bottle with it must also be shaken well.

Intravenous administration of the drug is prescribed in cases of moderate and severe severity of the disease, in the presence of complications, as well as in cases where oral administration of the drug (in the form of tablets and suspension) is for some reason undesirable or impossible.

The infusion is carried out over about half an hour, the solution must be administered almost immediately after preparation (no later than 20 minutes).

After stabilization of the patient's condition or persistent improvements, intravenous administration can be replaced by taking Amoxiclav tablets.

Dosage of the drug

All types of Amoxiclav have several different dosages, which are calculated based on the patient’s body weight, age, clinical picture of the disease, and the presence of complications.

In each individual case, the dose of the drug will be determined by the attending physician, but the maximum dose of amoxicillin per day is: for children - 45 mg/kg body weight, for adults - 6 grams; maximum daily dose of clavulanic acid: for children – 10 mg/kg body weight, for adults – 600 mg.

Eating does not affect the absorption of the drug, therefore, regardless of meals, it is consumed in the dosage prescribed by the doctor, once every 8 hours.

The course of treatment usually ranges from 5 to 14 days. For uncomplicated diseases, a 5-day dose is usually sufficient. During treatment with Amoxiclav, it is advisable to increase the amount of fluid consumed, since the drug is mainly excreted by the kidneys.

Contraindications for use

Contraindications for use

Amoxiclav is contraindicated for use in some cases:

• if hepatitis or cholestatic jaundice was previously provoked as a result of taking drugs of the penicillin group;
• hypersensitivity to amoxicillin or clavulanic acid, as well as other penicillins, cephalosporins;
• mononucleosis and lymphocytic leukemia of an infectious nature.

The drug is used with caution in patients with impaired liver and kidney function (under strict medical supervision of the patient’s condition), as well as during lactation.

Side effects of Amoxiclav

Basically, Amoxiclav is taken without any unwanted effects. But still, in some cases they arise. Usually, side effects of the drug occur along with its use or immediately after completion of treatment with Amoxiclav. But some side effects tend to develop several weeks after completing the course of treatment.

Different body systems can react to taking Amoxiclav:

Side effects of Amoxiclav

Digestive system. Most often, manifestations of unwanted actions are associated with it. Disturbances in the gastrointestinal tract may occur, such as nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, dyspepsia, and flatulence.

Less common are stomatitis, gastritis, enterocolitis, and discoloration of the tongue.

Sometimes during treatment or even after its completion, pseudomembranous colitis may develop, caused by the formation of toxins from bacteria of the genus Clostridium.

Blood system. Cases of temporary anemia, leukopenia, eosinophilia, agranulocytosis, thrombocytopenia may occur.

Nervous system. May react to taking the drug with headaches, dizziness, sleep disturbances, behavioral disorders, convulsions, and cases of unreasonable anxiety.

Skin. As a result of taking Amoxiclav, a rash, urticaria, swelling, Stevens-Johnson syndrome, erythema multiforme, and toxic epidermal necrolysis may appear on the skin.

Urinary system. Interstitial nephritis and the appearance of blood in the urine.

Liver. Most often, side effects from the liver occur in older people or during long-term treatment with Amoxiclav. Rarely, hepatitis or cholestatic jaundice may develop. An asymptomatic increase in liver test results is possible.

With prolonged use of this antibiotic, candidiasis may appear, both vulvovaginal and in the oral cavity, as well as fever.

Use of Amoxiclav during pregnancy and lactation

Amoxicillin penetrates the placental barrier, so taking this drug during pregnancy is possible only in extreme cases, when the benefit to the mother clearly outweighs the risk of fetal developmental disorders. Taking Amoxiclav increases the risk of necrotizing colitis in newborns.

Amoxicillin also passes into breast milk in small quantities. True, this is not a reason to stop breastfeeding, but it is still recommended to take Amoxiclav during the lactation period only under strict indications.

Amoxiclav overdose

There is no data on life-threatening manifestations of an overdose of this drug, as well as on deaths due to taking large doses of Amoxiclav.

In most cases, symptoms of overdose are gastrointestinal disorders (abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea). Dizziness, increased anxiety, and rarely convulsions are possible.

If the drug was taken less than 4 hours ago, you should perform a gastric lavage and take an absorbent (for example, activated carbon). It will complicate the absorption of Amoxiclav. In case of overdose, it is best for the patient to be under the supervision of medical professionals.

Interaction with other drugs

When Amoxiclav is taken simultaneously with tetracyclines and sulfonamides, a sharp decrease in the effectiveness of this drug is observed.

Interaction with other drugs

With simultaneous treatment with Amoxiclav and taking oral contraceptives, a decrease in the effectiveness of these contraceptives is observed. Amoxicillin and rifampicin are antagonists, so taking them together does not make any sense due to the weakening of the effect of both drugs.

Amoxiclav in the form of an injection solution cannot be administered with any medications in the same volume.

Antacids and laxatives slow down the absorption of amoxicillin, and ascorbic acid increases it.

Caution should be given to the simultaneous use of Amoxiclav and anticoagulants, since their interaction may result in an increase in prothrombin time.

With the simultaneous use of Amoxiclav and methotrexate, the toxicity of the latter increases.

Additional information on taking Amoxiclav

With long-term use of Amoxiclav, it is necessary to monitor the functioning of the liver, kidneys and hematopoietic organs.

Additional information on taking Amoxiclav

In patients with impaired renal function, the dose should be adjusted downward or the interval between doses should be increased. If a superinfection occurs (the appearance of bacteria insensitive to the drug), the drug must be changed.

To reduce the risk of side effects from the gastrointestinal tract, the drug can be taken immediately before or during meals.

The presence of sufficiently high doses of the drug in the body can serve as the basis for a false positive reaction to glucose in the urine. More accurate information in this case can be obtained as a result of an enzymatic reaction with glucosidase.

Since side effects from the nervous system may occur when using Amoxiclav, extreme caution must be used when driving a car or performing work that requires increased concentration or reaction speed.

Treatment with Amoxiclav is incompatible with drinking alcohol, which significantly reduces the antibacterial effect of the drug.

What is better to choose: Amoxiclav or an inexpensive analogue?

In any case, when prescribing antibiotic therapy, the doctor must be guided by the results of tests that determine the sensitivity of microorganisms to a specific type of antibiotic. There is no point in using a drug in treatment that does not destroy bacteria. In this sense, both Amoxiclav and the cheaper analogue are equally good if the bacteria are sensitive to them.

But if, for example, we compare Amoxiclav with another drug that contains only amoxicillin, then the use of Amoxiclav will be more effective due to the content of clavulanic acid in its composition, due to which the spectrum of action of the drug expands.

Many pathogenic bacteria have already developed their own “immunity” to amoxicillin, and moreover, they have learned to destroy it. Adding clavulanic acid helps solve this problem. Firstly, it prevents amoxicillin itself from being destroyed. And secondly, it helps to destroy bacteria that are insensitive to amoxicillin.

Therefore, before deciding to use an antibiotic or replace one with another, consult your doctor.

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Indications for use of Amoxiclav

The prescription of the drug in question is justified in cases of detection of infections caused by pathogens that are susceptible to its active components. Among them it is necessary to mention:

• Respiratory disease.
• The presence of non-healing purulent wounds, including infected surgical sutures.
• Presence of purulent diseases of the hearing organs.
• Infection of the renal pelvis and urinary ducts.
• Abscess of hollow organs such as the uterus, intestines, peritoneum, and so on.
• Bacterial infection of soft tissue.
• Development of purulent processes in the oral cavity.

After surgery, this drug is prescribed as a means to prevent complications.

Amoxicillin or amoxiclav: which is better and what is the difference (differences in composition, reviews from doctors)

Amoxicillin or Amoxiclav is prescribed to treat pathologies caused by bacterial infection. The drugs have the same mechanism of action on the body, but sometimes they achieve different therapeutic effects.

Amoxicillin or Amoxiclav is prescribed to treat pathologies caused by bacterial infection.

Characteristics of drugs

The drugs are antibacterial agents based on penicillin; they contain the same active substance - amoxicillin.

Amoxicillin

The drug has 1 active ingredient and is produced in the form of tablets, capsules, powder for suspension or solution for injection. The drug is absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and distributed to all tissues of the body. Neisseria, streptococci, Escherichia coli and Haemophilus influenzae are sensitive to the active substance. Indications for prescribing the drug are:

• pyelonephritis, cystitis,
• uncomplicated gonorrhea,
• osteomyelitis,
• sore throat, otitis media, sinusitis,
• cholecystitis.

Uncontrolled use or exceeding the recommended dosage can provoke severe disruption of the digestive system, an acute allergic reaction, and the development of liver or kidney diseases.

Amoxiclav

The medicine contains 2 active components:

1. Amoxicillin.
2. Clavulanic acid.

The drug is available in the form of a powder for the preparation of an injection solution or suspension, tablets. Streptococci, Helicobacter pylori, Shigella, Chlamydia, Treponema pallidum, Salmonella, Leptospira are sensitive to the drug. Indications for prescribing the medication are:

• otitis media, sinusitis, retropharyngeal abscess,
• infectious lesion of bone tissue,
• purulent processes in soft tissues,
• bronchitis, pneumonia,
• infectious pathology of the biliary tract and genitourinary system.

The drug is not recommended for the treatment of diseases caused by Enterobacteriaceae or Pseudomonas aeruginosa.

Amoxiclav helps eliminate purulent processes in soft tissues.

Comparison of Amoxicillin and Amoxiclav

The drugs are semi-synthetic antibiotics, but differences in composition affect their spectrum of action.

What is the difference

Amoxiclav has a large list of contraindications due to its resistance to beta-lactamase produced by some bacteria. The drug has less negative effects on the intestinal microflora and is less likely to provoke the development of allergic reactions and side effects. Amoxicillin has more forms of release.

Amoxicillin, which is used for sore throat, otitis media and sinusitis, is sold in pharmacies at a price of 95 rubles.

What is more effective

Amoxiclav, due to its enhanced composition, has a larger list of indications and is resistant to destruction under the influence of an enzyme produced by bacteria.

Which is better - Amoxicillin or Amoxiclav

For uncomplicated infections, preference is given to Amoxicillin; the ineffectiveness of this drug within 2 days of treatment requires its replacement with Amoxiclav. The combination drug is prescribed if it is not possible to quickly determine the type of pathogen.

For adults

The choice of medication is based on the nature of the disease, the sensitivity of the pathogen to the drug, and the presence of concomitant disorders.

For fungal diseases

Penicillin antibiotics are ineffective against fungal infections. Using the medicine when infected with a fungus can provoke an increase in its pathogenic activity.

For sinusitis

Therapy involves the prescription of Amoxicillin; if the drug is not effective, it is replaced with Amoxiclav or an antibiotic of another group.

For pneumonia

In most cases, the disease is a complication of bronchitis and develops when the therapy used is ineffective, therefore, when choosing an antibiotic, preference is given to the stronger Amoxiclav.

Reviews from doctors about Amoxicillin and Amoxiclav

Albina Sergeevna, otolaryngologist

The drug of first choice is Amoxicillin. If it is ineffective or complications develop, it can be replaced using Amoxiclav. It is contraindicated to replace a combined antibiotic with Amoxicillin, so it is necessary to prescribe a drug from another group.

In the treatment of uncomplicated upper respiratory tract infections and otitis media, medications are considered interchangeable; they provide the same therapeutic effect.

Natalya Viktorovna, pediatrician

Choosing an antibiotic for a child requires caution and attention to details such as the patient’s age, weight, the presence of concomitant diseases, and the severity of the pathology. Amoxiclav suspension is less likely to provoke the development of an allergic reaction, but more often causes hostility in children due to its smell and taste.

Instructions for using Amoxiclav for adults and children

Let's figure out how to take the drug. The dose of this medicine is usually calculated individually. It is determined based on the patient’s age and weight. It may vary depending on the severity of the disease and the condition of the urinary system. The average course of therapy is five days. In any case, the duration of treatment without adjusting the volume of the drug and replacing it should not exceed two weeks.

It is important to find out in advance how to take Amoxiclav. Forms of the medication that are administered orally should be taken with food to reduce effects on the digestive system. A suspension is first prepared from the powder and 86 milliliters of water is added to the bottle (up to the measuring line). The medication is kept in the refrigerator during the treatment period. The prepared composition is not subject to long-term storage.

For solutions for intravenous administration, the contents of the ampoule are mixed with water for injection in a ratio of one to six. The liquid should be consumed against this background within twenty minutes.

Is there an overdose?

It can be easily avoided if you follow the norm prescribed by your doctor; this applies to adult patients and pediatric patients. In order not to take extra milligrams, you need to carefully read the instructions and learn how to dilute the solution and suspension. Unpleasant symptoms may manifest themselves if the weight of the prescribed pill is increased or if it is taken much more often. Main side effects if the dosage is exceeded:

• pain in the peritoneum;
• nausea and vomiting;
• diarrhea, upset stomach and intestines;
• excited state;
• convulsive pain and reflexes in the limbs (in severe cases).

If symptoms of excess dosage have been recently identified, then a deep gastric lavage is performed, then activated charcoal is prescribed depending on body weight. The patient is under the supervision of a doctor. If an overdose causes severe impairment, hemodialysis is indicated.

Dosage of suspension for a child

The daily dosage of Amoxiclav for newborn babies weighing up to four kilograms is, as a rule, 30 milligrams per kilo in terms of antibiotic. For children older than three months and weighing more than specified, the volume of the drug directly depends on the severity of the infection observed, and, in addition, on the degree of renal dysfunction. On average, the norm is from 20 to 40 milligrams.

Provided the course of the disease is normal, the daily dosage of Amoxiclav is divided into two doses, and in case of severe and moderate severity, into three (every eight hours). To achieve an accurate dosage, insert a measuring pipette into the bottle.

Amoxiclav analogues

There are numerous analogues of the drug for use in treatment; for example, you can choose one cheaper, but with the same effectiveness. The price largely depends on the manufacturer. The list of medications can be extended, but the main substitutes for amoxiclav on the pharmaceutical market are:

• moxiclav;
• augmentin;
• bactoclav;
• ranclave;
• clavocin;
• flemoclav;
• amovycombe;
• honeyclave

For example, the drug Augmentin tablets has a lower price; you can also choose from Russian manufacturers, in particular, amoxicillin.

Medicine in tablets

This format of the drug is allowed for use by all persons starting from the age of twelve (from 40 kilograms). In cases of moderate and mild severity, patients are prescribed a dosage of Amoxiclav 250 milligrams three times a day at equal intervals (every eight hours).

In case of severe disease, Amoxiclav tablets are prescribed at a dose of 500 milligrams every eight hours or 875 every twelve. Considering that the volume of clavulanic acid in all tablets is the same, it is under no circumstances possible to replace one 500-milligram pill with two 250-milligram pills. It is necessary to choose a medicine of the appropriate dosage. Amoxiclav is a strong medicine and requires careful use.

Composition and influence

The main active ingredients are amoxicillin and clavulanic acid. The combination of these active substances provides a pronounced effect of antibiotic treatment. Thanks to clavulanic acid, Amoxiclav can also be prescribed for infections that are resistant to amoxicillin.

The antibacterial drug has a pronounced antibacterial and bacteriostatic effect on almost all different variants of streptococci (with the exception of methicillin-resistant strains), listeria, and echinococci. Gram-negative bacteria are also sensitive to the drug: Klebsiella, Brucella, Moraxella, Salmonella, Gardnerella, Proteus, Clostridium and others.

The highest concentration of the antibiotic is achieved within 1 hour after taking the drug. The active ingredients, regardless of the route of administration, are quickly distributed in the tissues and fluids of the body (middle ear, lungs, uterus, ovaries, peritoneal and pleural fluids, adipose and muscle tissues, sinuses, tonsils, and so on).

The drug is excreted from the body through the kidneys (half-life for healthy kidneys is 1-1.5 hours). Very few clavulanic acid metabolites are excreted in exhaled air and feces.

The medicine does not penetrate the membrane of the head and the cerebrospinal fluid; this characteristic significantly reduces the risk of unpleasant side reactions from the central nervous system.

During pregnancy

Studies conducted on animals have not given a clear answer as to whether this medicine can be used in pregnant women. On the one hand, no abnormalities in fetal development were identified among the examined patients. True, the objectivity of the data obtained was cast into doubt by observations of women who experienced premature rupture of the membranes. It was found that children born from this category of patients had an increased risk of developing intestinal necrosis.

There is also absolutely reliable information that the antibiotic Amoxiclav can be partially excreted in breast milk. In this regard, treatment is not prescribed during feeding, or feeding is stopped for the period of therapy.

Drug interactions with other medications

The simultaneous administration of the drug in question with aminoglycosides is excluded, since these groups of components reduce the effect of each other. The described medicine should not be taken together with diuretics, as this can lead to an uncontrolled increase of the active ingredient in the blood.

Combined use with medications that reduce the rate of blood clots increases blood clotting time. This antibiotic also increases the toxicity of anticancer drugs. Chemically it is not compatible with many other antibacterial drugs. Tetracyclines, sulfonamides and macrolides reduce the effect of amoxicillin therapy. When used simultaneously with birth control pills, a decrease in the reliability of contraceptives should be expected.

Amoxiclav and alcohol: compatibility, consequences of intake and time of removal from the body

Amoxiclav is an antibiotic of the penicillin group.

This drug is prescribed for the treatment of a number of severe infectious and viral diseases, the main cause of which is infection with pathogenic bacteria. The action of the drug begins in the stomach.

An antibiotic is prescribed for the following diseases:

• infectious diseases of the ears and facial cavity, accompanied by purulent discharge;
• purulent sore throat, pharyngitis, tonsillitis;
• acute form of inflammatory processes of the upper respiratory tract;
• infectious diseases of the liver, gall bladder;
• a number of diseases of the genitourinary system, including sexually transmitted diseases;
• inflammatory processes of an infectious nature of bone tissue and skin.

You can take an antibiotic only as prescribed by a doctor in a strictly prescribed dosage, since Amoxiclav is a potent drug.

Danger of combination

When taking Amoxiclav, drinking any alcoholic beverages, even beer, is strictly prohibited.

Drinking one glass of wine during the course of treatment with this drug will cause a violation of the regimen and a decrease in the effectiveness of the antibiotic. But there may also be serious side effects that will negatively affect the body in the future.

There is no permissible dose of alcohol that would not have any effect on health or the treatment process. Strong alcohol must be completely avoided, including for a certain time after completion of treatment.

If the patient is simultaneously taking any medications containing alcohol, then this must be reported to the attending physician, who will select an alternative and safe treatment option.

The interaction between the active substance amoxiclav and alcohol is influenced by disulfiram, which is present in the antibiotic. If three components are present in the body at the same time - disulfiram, amoxiclav, and alcohol, then the consequences of such a “merger” can be the most unpredictable, even leading to disturbances in the functioning of the heart.
This is important: the antibiotic and all the active substances that are part of it interfere with the normal process of processing ethanol by the body.
As a result, the time it takes for alcohol to be eliminated from the body increases, which leads to poisoning and intoxication. The degree of poisoning depends on the amount of alcohol and its strength, but even a small amount of wine in the morning will make itself felt with weakness, nausea and a number of other signs of mild alcohol poisoning.

Consequences of use

If you consume an antibiotic and alcoholic beverages at the same time, there is one percent out of 1000% that your body will not feel any negative reactions.

But the most common side effects include the following:

1. Since the antibiotic is not compatible with any alcoholic drink, the dosage of the drug is violated. Therefore, to achieve the most effective therapeutic effect, it will be necessary to increase the dosage of Amoxiclav. The antibiotic will take much longer to be eliminated from the body, thereby increasing the load on the liver and kidneys.
2. As soon as ethanol enters the body, blood vessels dilate and blood flow increases. As a result, the active substances of Amoxiclav do not have time to have the proper effect on the source of infection, and the disease practically takes its course, which is fraught with the risk of becoming chronic.

Please note : an overdose of this antibiotic has similar symptoms to alcohol poisoning. Therefore, even an experienced specialist can make a mistake when making a diagnosis, and the consequences for the body can be the most dire.

3. Alcohol, once it enters the body for a short period, has an analgesic effect that can be confused with an improvement in the condition and a reduction in the dose of medications taken. At this time, the pathogenic microflora is reactivated, and the disease will become even more serious.

4. The simultaneous use of Amoxiclav and alcohol can provoke the following reaction after a certain period of time: blood suddenly rushes into the upper part of the body, the heart rate begins to increase, the pressure drops below normal, a headache may appear, in especially severe cases, suffocation and a feeling of fear.

Amoxiclav can be combined with antiviral drugs such as ACC and Kagocel. But the antibiotic is incompatible with alcohol.

It is worth noting: it is recommended to take it simultaneously with medications that protect and restore the liver, since this organ is subjected to serious stress in the process of removing all breakdown products of the drug from the body.

Reviews from experts about combining antibiotics and alcohol indicate that in this situation the load on the liver doubles, and protecting the organ with medications alone is not enough. In some cases, a course of treatment is required to restore liver function.

Amoxiclav itself is a potent drug that causes a serious blow to the body. Taking small doses of alcoholic beverages is allowed only 3-4 days after taking the last dose of the antibiotic.

Watch a video explaining the dangers of combining antibiotics and alcohol:

Source: https://alkoinfo.com/lechenie/sovmestimost-s-lekarstvami/amoksiklav.html

Side effects

Many people are interested in which medicine Amoxiclav is safe or not. Like other antibiotics, the drug can cause side effects. During therapy, digestive upset of varying severity is observed in combination with skin reactions such as malaise, urticaria, sleep disorders, fever, destruction of liver cells, the appearance of crystals in the kidney tubules, dysbiosis of varying severity with the addition of fungal infections.

Period of elimination of amoxiclav from the body

Amoxiclav is a modern antibacterial drug. It has high antimicrobial activity, fights bacteria resistant to penicillin antibiotics. This feature allows it to be used in various fields. How long does it take for Amoxiclav to be removed from the body?

Amoxiclav is successfully used in gynecology, urology, surgery, and pulmonology.

The high effectiveness of the drug is due to the combination of two components:

• amoxicillin;
• clavulanic acid.

Use for sore throat

For angina, Amoxiclav and other antibiotics are prescribed only in cases of moderate or severe severity of the pathology. This drug, being an antibacterial drug of the penicillin series, is often prescribed to people with this disease. But its use is indicated only when the bacterial nature of the infection is confirmed, and the pathogenic microflora is tested for sensitivity to the drug in question.

When treating tonsillitis in children, Amoxiclav is used, as a rule, in the form of a suspension; adults need tablets. In more severe cases, doctors use injections. It must be remembered that antibiotics should never be used for a long time, because this increases the resistance of pathogenic microflora to them. The exact dosage is determined by the doctor depending on the characteristics of the disease and the patient’s condition.

Amoxiclav

Amoxiclav contains ampicillin and clavulonic acid, which ensures the stability of ampicillin in the stomach and intestines, inhibiting the activity of enzymes (beta-lactamases) that destroy penicillin antibiotics.

Ampicillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin; it affects the strength of the bacterial cell wall, preventing its synthesis. As a result, the cell wall becomes thinner and the bacterium dies.

Amoxiclav is a broad-spectrum antibiotic, among sensitive microorganisms: staphylococci, streptococci, enterobacteria, Haemophilus influenzae, Klebsiella, enterococci, gonococci and meningococci, salmonella and shigella, chlamydia and treponema.

The antibiotic is well absorbed from the intestine, penetrating almost all tissues of the body, except brain tissue in the absence of inflammation of the meninges. Penetrates through the placenta and into breast milk. Excreted in urine and partially in feces.

Indications for use of Amoxiclav

The instructions for Amoxiclav say that indications for use include all diseases caused by antibiotic-sensitive bacteria.

These are many diseases of the upper respiratory tract: pharyngitis, laryngitis, tonsillitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, otitis media; lower respiratory tract: bronchitis, tracheitis, pneumonia; diseases of the genitourinary system; soft tissue and skin infections; bone tissue, connective tissue; biliary tract.

Contraindications to the use of Amoxiclav tablets and suspensions and side effects

According to the instructions for Amoxiclav, contraindications include hypersensitivity to the components of the drug, allergies to penicillins and cephalosporins, liver disease, jaundice, lymphocytic leukemia and mononucleosis.

With caution, the use of Amoxiclav is allowed for pseudomembranous colitis, liver failure, diseases of the gastrointestinal tract, pregnancy and lactation, and impaired renal function. Not recommended for use with anticoagulants.

Amoxiclav, like any antibiotic, has quite a lot of side effects, including: blackening of the tongue and darkening of tooth enamel, hemorrhagic colitis, loss of appetite, stomach pain, vomiting and nausea, constipation and diarrhea, gastritis, stomatitis, inflammation of the tongue, dysfunction liver, enterocolitis, liver failure. As well as hepatitis and jaundice, epidermal necrolysis, itching, rash, anaphylactic shock, angioedema, anemia, thrombocytopenia, leukopenia, agranulocytosis. In addition, there is an increase in bleeding time, convulsions, headache, dizziness, anxiety, hyperactivity, and agitation.

Interaction of Amoxiclav with other drugs

Aminoglycosides, antacids, laxatives and glucosamine slow down the absorption of the drug in the intestine. Allopurinol, diuretics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs increase its concentration.

When used with metatrexate, it increases the toxicity of the latter.

With Rifampicin, they mutually weaken each other’s effects, and the activity of ampicillin also decreases when used together with macrolide and tetracycline antibiotics.

The drug reduces the effectiveness of oral contraceptives.

How to use Amoxiclav

The dosage, frequency and timing of taking the drug are determined by the doctor, depending on the condition and complexion of the patient and the type of disease. Usually the drug is taken immediately before meals, for five to fourteen days.

Adults take 250/125 mg of the drug three times a day, children weighing up to 40 kg take 40 mg per kg of body weight, children weighing more than 40 kg take the same dosages as adults. It is preferable to give Amoxiclav in suspension to young children.

The instructions for Amoxiclav, located in the packaging of each form, provide detailed recommendations for diluting the suspension. For infants, Amoxiclav in suspension has a different dosage regimen, prescribed by a pediatrician.

Please note: two 250 mg Amoxiclav tablets are not equivalent to one 500 mg tablet as they contain different amounts of clavulonic acid.

There have been no cases of death due to drug overdose. In case of poisoning, symptoms of stomach upset are observed: nausea, vomiting, diarrhea. Requires hospital treatment; if symptoms persist, call an ambulance.

Features of Amoxiclav

After completing the course, you need to drink drugs that restore intestinal microflora and drugs that restore liver function. During treatment, it is necessary to monitor the blood picture and liver function.

High amounts of Amoxiclav give falsely high amounts of glucose in the urine.

Available by prescription, self-medication is prohibited.

Improper use of any antibiotics can lead to a serious decline in immunity, the emergence of resistance in microorganisms, and masking the symptoms of dangerous diseases, such as meningitis.

Therefore, it is important to take an antibiotic that acts on a specific disease, in the required dosage, which is determined by the doctor, and for a strictly defined amount of time.

When taking Amoxiclav suspension or tablets simultaneously with oral contraceptives, it reduces the activity of the latter.

Amoxiclav suspension is approved for use in children from the age of three months.

The drug reduces concentration and reaction rate; you should refrain from driving while taking it.

Dosage for bronchitis

Let's find out how to use Amoxiclav for bronchitis. If this disease occurs in a person in a mild or at least moderate form, doctors usually prescribe one tablet every eight hours. In the presence of severe bronchitis, the same regimen is used. However, in this case, the patient is prescribed the medicine “Amoxiclav 2X” at a dose of 500/125 milligrams.

Sometimes in severe forms a dosage of 875/125 is prescribed. The treatment regimen used is slightly different. Such patients should take one tablet every twelve hours.

Amoxiclav can also be effective for pneumonia.

Analogs

Substitutes for the active substance: Amocombe, Arlet, Augmentin, Amoxicillin + Clavulanic acid, Bactoclav, Verclave, Clamosar, Liclave, Medoclav, Panclave, Ranklav, Rapiclav, Taromentin, Flemoclav Solutab, Ecoclave.

Analogues by mechanism of action:

Amoxicillin (Amoxicillin Sandoz, Amosin, Ecobol, Ranoxil)

Release form: tablets, capsules, powder for injection, suspension; active ingredient – ​​amoxicillin.

Antibacterial antibacterial drug from the group of semisynthetic penicillins. It has a very decent spectrum of action and is used to cure bacterial infections: pneumonia, bronchitis, tonsillitis, urethritis, pyelonephritis, gonorrhea and others caused by drug-sensitive microbes.

The dosage is selected individually. For oral administration, adults and children over 12 years of age (or weighing more than 40 kilograms) are prescribed 250-500 milligrams, for severe cases of the disease - up to 1 gram; children 5-10 years old – 250 milligrams; 2-5 years – 125 milligrams; up to 2 years, the daily dose is 20 milligrams per kilogram of weight. There should be at least 8 hours between doses of the medication. Children under 12 years of age are recommended to use Amoxicillin in suspension form.

For parenteral use, adults are administered 1 gram intramuscularly twice a day; children – 50 milligrams/kilogram/day, single dose – 500 milligrams, frequency of administration – 2 times throughout the day.

Side effects: erythema, Quincke's edema, conjunctivitis, anaphylactic shock, joint pain, fever.

Contraindications: hypersensitivity to penicillins, infectious mononucleosis. The antibiotic is prescribed with extreme caution to pregnant women and patients prone to allergic reactions.

Ampiox (Oxampicin, Oksamp)

Release form: capsules, powder to prepare a solution; active ingredients – ampicillin sodium, oxacillin sodium.

The antibacterial drug belongs to the semi-synthetic penicillins and is active against gram-negative (meningococcus, E. coli, gonococcus, salmonella, and so on) and gram-positive (streptococcus, pneumococcus, staphylococcus) microbes. Indications for use are: tonsillitis, pyelonephritis, sinusitis, tonsillitis, pneumonia, otitis media, meningitis, cystitis, cervicitis and so on.

Capsules are taken orally before meals, swallowed whole and washed down with water. Adults and adolescents over 14 years of age are prescribed 0.5-1.0 grams (2-4 capsules); 7-14 years – 50 milligrams/kilogram/day; 3-7 years – 100 milligrams/kilogram/day; The daily dose is divided into 4-6 doses. The duration of treatment is 7-14 days.

Intravenously and intramuscularly (drip, stream), the daily dose for adults and adolescents from 14 years of age is 3-6 grams; children 7-14 years old – 100 milligrams/kilogram/day; 1-6 years – 100 milligrams/kilogram/day; newborns, premature babies and babies under 1 year - 100-200 milligrams/kilogram/day. The daily dose must be administered in 3-4 doses, with an interval of 6-8 hours. According to indications, doses can be increased by 1.5-2 times.

Side effects: rhinitis, skin hyperemia, arthralgia, conjunctivitis, vomiting, diarrhea, nausea, leukopenia, enterocolitis, anemia, angioedema.

Contraindications: lymphocytic leukemia, infectious mononucleosis, hypersensitivity. Use with extreme caution in case of chronic deficiency, in children born to a mother with penicillin intolerance.

Ampisid (Sultasin, Sulacillin, Libaccil, Ampicillin + Sulbactam, Sulbacin)

Release form – powder, tablets; active ingredients – ampicillin, sulbactam.

A combined antibiotic of the penicillin group is prescribed to patients of any age for infectious diseases caused by microbes sensitive to ampicillin and sulbactam. Among them are infections: respiratory organs (pleuritis, bronchitis, bacterial pneumonia), ENT organs (otitis, sinusitis, tonsillitis), urinary and reproductive organs (cystitis, pyelonephritis, adnexitis, and so on), gastrointestinal tract (cholangitis, pancreatitis, cholecystitis), musculoskeletal system (myositis, arthritis, osteomyelitis), skin and subcutaneous tissue (burn wounds, erysipelas, infected dermatoses), prevention of postoperative infections.

Tablets are prescribed orally before meals, for a couple of hours at a daily dose of 375-750 milligrams for adults and 25-50 milligrams per kilogram of body weight for children whose weight will not exceed 30 kilograms. The daily dose of the medicine must be divided into 2 doses.

Intramuscularly and intravenously (drip at a rate of 60-80 drops in 60 seconds, stream - slowly, for 3-4 minutes). It is administered intravenously for 5-7 days; if it is necessary to continue treatment, then switch to intramuscular use. For mild infections in adults – 1.5-3 grams throughout the day in 2 doses; with an average flow - 3-6 grams throughout the day in 3-4 administrations; in severe cases - 12 grams throughout the day in 3-4 injections. For children, the daily dose is taken at the rate of 150 milligrams per 1 kilogram of weight, the frequency of administration is 3-4 times; for newborns and premature babies - every 12 hours. Duration of therapy is 5-14 days.

Side effects: decreased appetite, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, anemia, leukopenia, drowsiness, headache, skin flushing, urticaria, rhinitis, eosinophilia, candiosis (with prolonged use).

Contraindications: lactation period, infectious mononucleosis, hypersensitivity. Extreme caution in case of liver and/or kidney failure, pregnancy.

Klonacom-X

Release form: capsules; active ingredients – amoxicillin trihydrate, cloxacillin sodium.

The drug is active against most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. Prescribed for upper respiratory tract infections, pneumonia, bronchitis, infections of the gastrointestinal tract, urinary tract, skin and soft tissues, gonorrhea and so on.

Capsules are taken before meals, washed down with water, swallowed whole, without chewing. Adults are prescribed 1 capsule every 6-8 hours, depending on the severity of the disease. If renal function is impaired, the dose is reduced.

Side effects: nausea, diarrhea, skin rashes; pseudomembranous colitis (intestinal colic) may not always develop.

Contraindications: childhood, pregnancy, lactation, infectious mononucleosis, hypersensitivity to energetic substances. Use with extreme caution in patients with allergic reactions.

Tazocin (Tazrobida, Piperacillin + Tazobactam Teva)

Release form – lyophilisate for solution; active ingredients: piperacillin, tazobactam.

An antibacterial semi-synthetic antibacterial drug with a wide spectrum of action is effective against moderate and severe infections: bacterial infections of the lower and upper respiratory tract, abdominal organs, complicated and uncomplicated pathologies of the skin and soft tissues, abscess, pelvic organs, bacterial septicemia (blood poisoning by bacteria), infections of joints and bones.

The drug is administered intravenously (slowly over 30 minutes) or intramuscularly. The daily dose for adults and adolescents over 12 years of age with normal renal function is 2.25 grams every 6 hours or 4.5 grams every 8 hours; children 2-12 years old - 90 milligrams per 1 kilogram of weight every 6 hours. For patients undergoing hemodialysis (a blood purification method), a very large dose is 2.25 grams every 8 hours. Duration of therapy is 7-10 days.

Side effects : vomiting, nausea, development of intestinal colic, itching, urticaria, rashes, erythema, headache, convulsions, hypoglycemia, phlebitis, hypotension, flushing of the facial skin, increased body temperature, rarely - arthralgia and others.

Contraindications: hypersensitivity, age under 2 years. Extreme caution in case of severe bleeding (history), pregnancy, lactation, cystic fibrosis, hypokalemia, pseudomembranous enterocolitis.

Timentin

Release form – lyophilisate to prepare a solution; active ingredients: ticarcillin, clavulanic acid.

The antibiotic has a very decent spectrum of action and is indicated for the treatment of infections of connective and bone tissue, in gynecology, skin and subcutaneous tissue, urinary tract and so on.

The drug is administered intravenously by drip or stream. The intervals between infusions should be at least 4 hours. Therapy should be continued for 48-72 hours after the symptoms disappear.

For adults and adolescents weighing more than 40 kilograms, the average dose is 3 grams every 6 hours or 5 grams every 8 hours. A very large dose is 3 grams every 4 hours. Children weighing less than 40 kilograms are prescribed 75 milligrams/kg every 8 hours (maximum 75 milligrams every 6 hours); premature babies weighing less than 2 kilograms - 75 milligrams every 12 hours, those weighing more than 2 kilograms - 75 milligrams every 8 hours. If renal function is impaired, the dose is adjusted.

Side effects : diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, hepatitis, cholestatic jaundice, convulsions, leukopenia, decreased hemoglobin levels, eosinophilia, urticaria, rashes, itching, anaphylactic reactions, redness of the skin, burning sensation and so on.

Contraindications: premature babies with impaired renal function, hypersensitivity to energetic substances, pregnancy, lactation.

Use for pneumonia

The prescription of antibacterial drugs to adults in the presence of pneumonia should be based on laboratory and diagnostic procedures, with precise identification of the causative agent of the disease. But in case of acute onset of pathology with pronounced symptoms, drugs with a wide range of effects should be used, since a long wait for the examination result can lead to the development of a serious complication. Signs of pneumonia in patients are a sharp increase in temperature along with a severe cough with sputum and pain in the chest.

For all of the above symptoms, the necessary action is hospitalization, within which the necessary medical and biological studies will be carried out, and the correct diagnosis will be made. If the patient is confirmed to have pneumonia, the patient will be immediately given a dose of antibiotics, since even a slight delay can be fatal. Against the background of pneumonia, especially in severe form, the treatment regimen is a daily dosage of up to 875 milligrams of the drug.

Amoxiclav overdose in children and adults: symptoms, treatment

An abundance of pharmaceuticals are used to treat infectious diseases, but despite this, the main advantage belongs to antibacterial drugs, characterized by a wide range of effects.

The most popular remedy is Amoxiclav, which destroys pathogenic microflora in a short time. However, its incorrect use leads to an overdose, which can have dire consequences. Often, an overdose of Amoxiclav is the result of a violation of the consumption pattern or a personal excess of the permissible dose recommended by the doctor.

What are the causes and results of excessive use of Amoxiclav and the main methods of helping with intoxication? About this in our article.

Characteristic

Amoxiclav refers to combined antimicrobial pharmaceuticals, the active ingredients of which are clavulanic acid and amoxicillin.

Amoxicillin is a representative of penicillin antimicrobial agents with a wide spectrum of activity.

Clavulanic acid significantly increases the antibacterial properties of amoxicillin.

Once inside, the pharmaceutical is absorbed in the digestive tract.

The mechanism of action of the drug is to damage the bacterial cell wall by suppressing the natural synthesis of peptidoglycan.

At the same time, clavulanic acid prevents the destruction of amoxicillin, increasing its effectiveness and scope of activity. The drug affects various pathogens - staphylococci, echinococci, streptococci, pathogens of salmonellosis, brucellosis, shigella, etc.

Amoxiclav is produced in the following forms:

• oral tablets (dispersed and film-coated);
• powder form for intravenous injection;
• powder forms for the preparation of oral suspension.

It is recommended to take the pharmaceutical drug during meals - this will soften its effect on the gastric mucosa.

The main recommendations for drug therapy are:

• chronic bronchitis;
• sinusitis - acute and chronic;
• abscesses;
• infection of the genitourinary area;
• ENT diseases – otitis, pharyngitis, tonsillitis;
• infection of joints and bones;
• biliary tract infection;
• inflammatory infections of the oral cavity;
• meningitis;
• as a prophylactic agent after surgery.

Suprastin overdose

In childhood, the drug is prescribed in case of complications caused by influenza - bacterial infection with parallel otitis, sore throat, etc.

Important! Only a doctor can recommend a treatment regimen and individual dosage after a preliminary examination.

Restrictions on use

It is prohibited to prescribe this drug if there are contraindications:

• personal intolerance to active substances;
• cholestatic jaundice;
• hepatitis A;
• mononucleosis;
• pathologies of the kidneys or gastrointestinal tract;
• pregnancy;
• breastfeeding.

The risk of Amoxiclav intoxication is present in all patients, but most often this phenomenon is observed in childhood as a result of incorrectly calculated doses when diluting the powder for suspension.

The symptoms of overdose in children can be completely different, but often excessive use of the substance does not cause serious complications for the body.

Signs of intoxication with Amoxiclav

Symptoms of poisoning manifest themselves in all body systems:

Digestive tract - characterized by nausea, vomiting, disruption of the bowel movement - diarrhea.

Central nervous system – detected in headaches, dizziness, sleep disturbances, anxiety, increased activity, convulsive seizures.

Cardiovascular system - the main manifestations are anemic disorders, increased thrombus formation and blood clotting disorders.

Allergic manifestations - itchy skin rash, swelling, urticaria, eczema, dermatitis.

There is also an enlarged liver and a disorder of the urinary system.

Emergency assistance in case of overdose

In case of intoxication with a pharmaceutical product, first aid should be provided to the victim, consisting of:

1. Washing the stomach with significant volumes of still water, followed by provoking the gag reflex.
2. Taking adsorbents that reduce absorption in the digestive tract.
3. Cleansing enemas that accelerate the process of removing toxic substances.
4. Drink enough fluids – up to 2 liters per day.
5. Carrying out hemodialysis procedures in severe cases.

Important! A prerequisite for proper treatment is the patient’s stay in the hospital.

Ignoring the symptoms of intoxication leads to the development of serious complications that are harmful to health.

Antipyretic poisoning in children: symptoms, first aid

Use in veterinary practice

The antimicrobial drug Amoxiclav is also recommended for use in veterinary practice for the treatment of infectious diseases of cats, festering wounds from bites and as a prophylactic agent in the postoperative period.

Violation of the rules of use provokes the risk of drug overdose. In such cases, the symptoms are similar to intoxication in humans.

Amoxiclav is an effective drug in the treatment of infectious diseases. However, non-compliance with recommended dosage regimens and unauthorized increases in doses are the root causes of severe poisoning and the development of adverse complications.

For a cold

In severe cases of this disease (at high temperatures), the dosage is selected individually by the attending physician; on average, the medicine is taken for seven days. In an advanced state, the patient may require a course of therapy, which will consist of two weeks. Amoxiclav tablets for colds are taken without chewing, washed down with a sufficient amount of liquid.

For children aged six to twelve years, the standard dosage is 40 milligrams three times a day. Adults should take one pill every eight hours. For patients with kidney and liver failure, the volume of medication should be halved.

Features of application

For people with infectious mononucleosis and lymphocytic leukemia, the use of amoxiclav, which contains amoxicillin, which causes an erythematous rash .

If patients have a tendency to allergic reactions, then the medication should be prescribed with caution. In the process of taking a significant dosage of the drug, it is necessary to conduct a laboratory test of the functionality of the kidneys and liver. If violations are observed, the norm is reduced or the intervals between doses are made longer.

To minimize side effects in the digestive tract and stomach, it is advisable to drink the drug during breakfast, lunch or dinner . False blood glucose levels may be detected when amoxiclav is used in treatment.

There is no information that amoxiclav affects the performance of the driver and work requiring special attention, so it can be taken without taking into account such circumstances. During treatment with the drug you need to drink enough water. When prescribing to children, be sure to take into account all the subtleties associated with age and body weight.

Dosage for prostatitis

Treatment of prostatitis with Amoxiclav is carried out in any form of release, but the amount of medication and dosage regimen may differ. Any prescriptions for therapy, as well as its duration, are prescribed only by a doctor. Here is a standard brief regimen for taking each of the dosage forms:

• Pills in a dose of 375 milligrams must be taken three times a day, the duration of the course should not exceed two weeks. You should not take Amoxiclav on your own.
• The volume of the finished suspension is calculated based on the patient’s body weight. The course is, as a rule, no more than fourteen days.
• It is important to prepare the injection solution from a ratio of 600 milligrams of the drug per 10 milliliters of water. It is not recommended to administer more than 1200 milligrams per day. This form of release is used only during periods of exacerbation of prostatitis, when the symptoms subside, the patient can be switched to tablets or a suspension is also suitable. In some cases, it is possible to extend the therapeutic course, but not longer than thirty days. This decision is made only by the doctor based on the results of laboratory tests.

Forms of production and sale of the antibiotic amoxicillin clavunate

Common forms of sale are presented as:

• tablets;
• powder for preparing a solution;
• powder for injections (preparation of solution).

Tablets vary in the number of components they contain:

• tablets 375 contain 125 mg of clavulanate and 250 mg of amoxicillin;
• tablets 625 contain 125 mg of clavulanate and 500 mg of amoxicillin;
• 1000 tablets contain 125 mg of clavulanate and 850 mg of amoxicillin.

The tablets contain excipients for binding medicinal components, these include silicon dioxide, talc, cellulose, magnesium stearate. It is recommended to dissolve tablets of any concentration in half a glass of water, but if this is not possible, then chew the drug thoroughly and wash it down with a large volume of liquid.

Powders for solution:

• powders 125 contain 125 mg of antibiotic and 31.2 mg of clavulanate;
• 250 powders contain 250 mg of antibiotic, 62.5 mg of clavulanate:
• powders 400 contain 400 mg of antibiotic and 57 mg of clavulanate.

Features of treatment

In order for Amoxiclav therapy to be successful in patients, and for the drug to help suppress the infection, it is important to know about some of the features of its administration. The fact is that this remedy, like many other antibacterial drugs, can cause a serious disruption in the patient’s microflora, therefore, during treatment with it, it is necessary to take medications to normalize the digestive system. It is best to use bifidobacteria for this in the form of “Hilaka Forte”, “Linex”, “Bifidum” and so on. Fermented milk products are also very useful for improving the quality of intestinal function.

This drug can lower the immune system, so in order to support it, doctors recommend taking additional vitamin complexes. In order not to cause a deterioration in your condition, it is important to use only the dosage of the medicine prescribed by your doctor. Under no circumstances should you change it or increase it yourself. It is also necessary to drink the drug in question at the same time so that its active component does not have time to be eliminated from the body.

During therapy with Amoxiclav, it is prohibited to add other drugs to the course of treatment yourself, as this can cause negative reactions. After several doses, a person’s condition may worsen, but it is important to take the course to the end so that the medicine completely suppresses the activity of the infection. Otherwise, the disease may become chronic.

Amoxiclav tablets - official instructions for use, analogues, price, availability in pharmacies

catad_pgroup Antibiotics penicillins Analogs, articles

INSTRUCTIONS for the use of the drug

for medical use

Read these instructions carefully before you start taking/using this medicine. • Save the instructions; you may need them again. • If you have any questions, consult your doctor.

• This medicine is for you personally and should not be given to others because it may harm them even if they have the same symptoms as you.

Group name

amoxicillin + clavulanic acid

Film-coated tablets

Active substances (core): each 250 mg + 125 mg tablet contains 250 mg of amoxicillin in the form of trihydrate and 125 mg of clavulanic acid in the form of potassium salt; each 500 mg + 125 mg tablet contains 500 mg of amoxicillin in the form of trihydrate and 125 mg of clavulanic acid in the form of potassium salt; Each 875 mg + 125 mg tablet contains 875 mg of amoxicillin in the form of trihydrate and 125 mg of clavulanic acid in the form of potassium salt.

Excipients (respectively for each dosage): colloidal silicon dioxide 5.40 mg/9.00 mg/12.00 mg, crospovidone 27.40 mg/45.00 mg/61.00 mg, croscarmellose sodium 27.40 mg/ 35.00 mg/47.00, magnesium stearate 12.00 mg/20.00 mg/17.22 mg, talc 13.40 mg (for dosage 250 mg + 125 mg), microcrystalline cellulose up to 650 mg/up to 1060 mg/up 1435 mg;

film coating tablets 250 mg + 125 mg - hypromellose 14.378 mg, ethylcellulose 0.702 mg, polysorbate 80 - 0.780 mg, triethyl citrate 0.793 mg, titanium dioxide 7.605 mg, talc 1.742 mg; film coating tablets 500 mg + 125 mg - hypromellose 17.696 mg, ethylcellulose 0.864 mg, polysorbate 80 - 0.960 mg, triethyl citrate 0.976 mg, titanium dioxide 9.360 mg, talc 2.144 mg; film coating tablets 875 mg + 125 mg - hypromellose 23.226 mg, ethylcellulose 1.134 mg, polysorbate 80 - 1.260 mg, triethyl citrate 1.280 mg, titanium dioxide 12.286 mg, talc 2.814 mg.

Description

250 mg + 125 mg tablets: white or off-white, oblong, octagonal, biconvex, film-coated tablets, imprinted “250/125” on one side and “AMC” on the other side.

Tablets 500 mg + 125 mg: white or almost white, oval, biconvex film-coated tablets.

Tablets 875 mg + 125 mg: white or off-white, oblong, biconvex, film-coated tablets, scored and imprinted “875/125” on one side and “AMC” on the other side. Fracture appearance: yellowish mass.

Pharmacotherapeutic group

Antibiotic – semi-synthetic penicillin + beta-lactamase inhibitor

ATX code : J01CR02.

Pharmacological properties

Pharmacodynamics Mechanism of action Amoxicillin is a semi-synthetic penicillin that is active against many gram-positive and gram-negative microorganisms. Amoxicillin disrupts the biosynthesis of peptidoglycan, which is a structural component of the bacterial cell wall.

Violation of peptidoglycan synthesis leads to loss of cell wall strength, which causes lysis and death of microorganism cells. At the same time, amoxicillin is susceptible to destruction by beta-lactamases, and therefore the spectrum of activity of amoxicillin does not extend to microorganisms that produce this enzyme.

Clavulanic acid is a beta-lactamase inhibitor, structurally related to penicillins, and has the ability to inactivate a wide range of beta-lactamases found in microorganisms resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins.

Clavulanic acid is sufficiently effective against plasmid beta-lactamases, which most often cause bacterial resistance, and is not effective against type I chromosomal beta-lactamases, which are not inhibited by clavulanic acid.

The presence of clavulanic acid in the drug protects amoxicillin from destruction by enzymes - beta-lactamases, which allows expanding the antibacterial spectrum of amoxicillin.

Below is the activity of the combination of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid in vitro.

Pharmacokinetics The main pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are similar.

Amoxicillin and clavulanic acid are highly soluble in aqueous solutions with a physiological pH value and, after taking Amoxiclav® orally, they are quickly and completely absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract (GIT).

Absorption of the active substances amoxicillin and clavulanic acid is optimal when taken at the beginning of a meal. The bioavailability of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid after oral administration is about 70%.

The following are the pharmacokinetic parameters of amoxicillin and clavulanic acid after administration at a dose of 875 mg/125 mg and 500 mg/125 mg twice daily, 250 mg/125 mg three times daily in healthy volunteers.

Source: https://medi.ru/instrukciya/amoksiklav-tabletki_7358/