A burn is damage to the protein tissues of the human body caused by high temperature from fire, boiling water, steam, due to exposure to active chemicals, or electric current. This is a common household injury. You cannot let the healing process take its course - an infection will enter the affected tissue, causing tissue necrosis and sepsis.
Hot time
At the dacha, on vacation or just in the park on a picnic, it is not so easy to follow the rules of personal hygiene familiar from childhood. And although over the past months we have become accustomed to never parting with sanitizers and, every now and then, we use them to clean our hands, nevertheless, incidents still happen. In addition, when traveling outside the city or forays into nature, we often violate sanitary rules for preparing and storing food. In our apartment we use different cutting boards: one for bread, another for raw meat, a third for sausage, and at a picnic we usually cut everything on one. And it’s also good if you wash the food thoroughly before doing this, and sometimes at the dacha we eat everything straight from the garden and from the bush. But bacteria do not sleep.
The danger may also be hidden in insufficient heat treatment of food, because on a fire, grill or barbecue it is so easy to undercook the kebab a little. And meat “with blood” can be consumed without fear only in a good restaurant, but not in field conditions. However, in the summer it is easy to get poisoned at home. It happens that we sometimes forget to put ready-made food in the refrigerator in time, and in the hot season the food disappears faster. For the same reason, you should not buy food on the street. Again - insects. In summer it is difficult to protect food from flies, which are known to be carriers of many infections. All this increases the risk of intestinal disorders significantly.
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Prevention of food poisoning
Food products must be carefully processed and stored correctly, and not consumed after the expiration date. Observe hygiene rules when preparing and eating food, wash your hands. Do not purchase marinades, home-canned goods, or fish at spontaneous markets. Water must be boiled or passed through a filter before drinking.
You should not purchase and eat food products with an unpleasant odor, with a taste and smell different from the usual, or with the appearance of turbidity, sediment, or gas bubbles in liquid products.
Tranquility Bringer
Alas, the opinion that no one dies from diarrhea is not always true. Diarrhea can be deadly for babies, pregnant women, the elderly and people with heart disease. In them, it quickly leads to dehydration, which impairs the conductivity of the heart muscle, causing arrhythmia and other cardiac dysfunction. And although food poisoning usually does not lead to such dire consequences, it is not so easy to distinguish viral or severe bacterial diarrhea from a simple food toxic coinfection.
Diarrhea can be caused by both bacteria and viruses (including the main “hero” of recent months - COVID-19). But still, most often viral acute intestinal infections are caused by the familiar adeno-, rota- and enteroviruses. It is very easy to become infected with them. Such diseases occur suddenly and sharply, accompanied by a rise in temperature, diarrhea, and vomiting. But, fortunately, they usually don’t last long.
Bacterial infections caused by microbes are often accompanied by more severe symptoms of intoxication (fever, chills, body aches, nausea) and can be quite severe.
It is difficult to determine without tests whether viruses or bacteria caused poisoning, but if, despite treatment, malaise and diarrhea do not subside in the first three days, then most likely there is a microbial infection. This means you need to call a doctor who will prescribe broad-spectrum antibiotics. And only if such treatment does not help, will it be necessary to undergo special tests and select antibiotics in a targeted manner.
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Poisoning with poisonous mushrooms
Clean water is an aid in case of poisoning
The insidiousness of this poisoning lies in the fact that symptoms may not appear immediately, but after a few days, when the consequences may be irreversible. You can also get poisoned by so-called conditionally edible mushrooms.
They are safe after proper processing, but can be poisonous in their raw form and in the form of pickles and marinades. Signs of mushroom poisoning may appear as early as 5-6 hours after poisoning. These are the symptoms:
- severe diarrhea (up to 15 times a day)
- vomit
- excessive urination
- extreme thirst
- convulsions
- increased heart rate
- increased sweating
- hallucinations
- suffocation
- heavy salivation
All these signs can increase with alcohol consumption. If poisoning occurs with mushrooms such as thin mushroom, lines, false mushrooms, pale toadstool, galerina, white fly agaric, after apparent relief, jaundice occurs. A poisoned person has impaired liver function that is incompatible with life.
If medical help is sought in a timely manner, almost all such poisonings can be successfully treated, with the exception of poisoning by toadstool, against the poison of which there are no adequate protective measures.
When poisoned by inedible species of spider webs, symptoms of poisoning may occur 5-14 days after the poison enters the body. The main blow in this type of mushroom poisoning falls on the kidneys, which stop functioning, after which death occurs. Symptoms of spider web poisoning:
- increased amount of urine produced
- stomach pain
- vomit
- dry mouth
Read: Spleen removed: consequences of surgery
Poisoning with fly agaric species may result in hallucinations, delusions, and an altered state of consciousness bordering on insanity. First aid for poisoning with poisonous mushrooms:
- Induce vomiting by gastric lavage.
- Take enterosorbents (Carbolen, Enterosgel, white clay, Smecta).
- Lay the victim down, give him strong sweet tea, and apply a heating pad to his feet.
In order not to be at risk of poisoning from poisonous mushrooms, you should not collect or prepare mushrooms whose safety is in doubt. You cannot collect old mushrooms in whose bodies the process of protein decay has begun. Collected mushrooms must be processed immediately, otherwise they become unsuitable for food.
These are mistakes
However, many people treat diarrhea as needed. We will tell you what not to do during severe poisoning.
Take levomycin . In most cases, this is absolutely useless, since this outdated drug has practically no effect on bacteria, but is quite capable of damaging the intestinal microflora. Then go and restore it! But our immunity largely depends on the state of the intestinal microbiota. And this is no longer a joke.
Take loperamide (especially if you have a high fever). Of course, if an unpleasant surprise overtakes you away from home, this remedy is indispensable. In other cases, it is better to wait a couple of days with it. After all, if an infection has settled in the body, then using loperamide and other fixatives cannot get rid of it. The toxins will remain inside along with the “locked” intestinal contents. You should not take this medicine during a high fever, otherwise the intoxication will persist.
Drink potassium permanganate. This remedy does not have the best effect on the intestines. And if potassium permanganate powder is poorly dissolved in water and small granules remain in it, they can even burn through the intestinal mucosa.
Drinking alcohol is supposedly for “disinfection” from the inside. This will result in more toxins, not less.
Drink strong tea or coffee, as well as salty and sweet liquids (brine, juices, fruit drinks, soda, kvass). The former severely dehydrate the body, and the latter, in addition, further irritate the mucous membrane of the digestive tract. Milk is also prohibited for food poisoning.
Continue to eat as usual. Food during illness should be light and mostly bland. It is better to avoid too hot and cold foods, as well as spicy and smoked foods. And no vegetables and fruits, flour and sweets. Such food will cause fermentation. It's better to fast for a day or two. If you are very hungry, you can eat a little unsalted rice or a piece of toasted white bread. In a couple of days you will be able to eat steamed vegetables, baked apples, and boiled chicken breast.
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Algorithm of actions for burns of varying degrees
Algorithm of actions:
- exclude factors of exposure to high temperature. Extinguish the fire, interrupt contact with electric current, evacuate the victim;
- determine the nature and degree of the burn - flame, electric current, chemicals, boiling water. You can use standard methods for estimating the area of the human body, when the palm is 1%, the arm is 9%, the leg is 18%, the thoracic region on both sides is 18%, the abdomen and lower back are 18%, the perineum is 1%;
- ensure delivery of the victim to a medical facility;
- during transportation, secure the burned areas of the body in an extended position;
- Cool the small burned area with running water. Large surfaces of burns cannot be cooled in this way;
- remove clothing from damaged areas of the body and apply a sterile bandage without using cotton wool;
- if your fingers are burned, put a bandage between them;
- during transportation, the burned area should be on top;
- ensure maximum peace of the victim during transportation to the hospital.
The only way!
If an intestinal infection is relatively mild, then it is not necessary to find out which pathogen caused it, since the algorithm for combating diarrhea of any origin is almost the same.
Induce vomiting. Two fingers in your mouth and it will become easier.
Drink more fluids. The best thing is clean water in an amount of at least 1.5–2 liters per day.
Take rehydration solutions. This is necessary if diarrhea is persistent, occurs not once, but many times or lasts more than a day. Then such solutions will help replenish the electrolytes lost during diarrhea, thereby protecting your cardiovascular system.
Take an enteroseptic (to destroy the infectious agent) and an enterosorbent (to bind and remove microbes, toxins, antigens or allergens from the gastrointestinal tract). The simplest and most well-known sorbent is ordinary activated carbon (1 tablet per 10 kg of human weight). More “advanced” sorbents (for example, pectin, succinic acid and others) not only absorb and remove toxins, but also treat damaged mucous membranes.
Start a course of taking pro- and prebiotics. After all, it is not enough just to cope with diarrhea and vomiting; the intestines also need to recover and re-regulate the digestive processes. But these drugs should be taken last, when the infection has already been dealt with.
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How to straighten your head at home using folk remedies?
Folk remedies cannot be considered as a complete alternative to medications . Home recipes can be used as a supplement to the main treatment and only after consultation with your doctor.
Use of medicinal herbs
The functioning of the nervous system will be supported by plants that have restorative, calming and vasotropic properties.
Pour 2 large tablespoons of dried St. John's wort into a glass of purified water, bring to a boil and strain. Drink the entire cooled broth during the day in three doses.- Mix the crushed root part of valerian (20 g), hop cones, lemon balm and mint leaves, buckthorn bark (10 g of each component). Pour the mixture with 500 ml of boiling water and leave for several hours. Strain the infusion, divide the entire volume into 6 doses, the last dose should be taken before bed.
- Take one tablespoon each of myrtle leaves and arnica herbs, brew the ingredients with 500 ml of boiling water. Place on the fire to boil for 5 minutes. Cool, use the entire product in 4 doses during the day.
- Take equal parts of dried mint, motherwort and thyme. Place two tablespoons of the resulting mixture in a thermos and pour two glasses of boiling water. After an hour, strain the infusion and drink half a glass throughout the day.
Attention! Herbal treatment should be carried out after the main course of therapy for 10 days.
Grandmother's methods
Grandma's proven recipes will help speed up recovery after a concussion:
- Bee products . Mix honey and bee pollen in equal parts and take 10 ml 4 times a day with clean warm water. In the second week after injury, the dosage of the medication can be doubled. It has been noted that natural honey has a sedative effect and improves the nutrition of neurons. The effect will be especially pronounced when consuming acacia and mint honey.
- Vitamin salad.
- Crumble two hard-boiled egg yolks.
- Chop 200 g fresh spinach and 50 g green onions.
- Mix all the ingredients and season with vegetable oil to taste, you can add a small amount of table salt.
This multivitamin should be taken daily for two weeks after the concussion. Fresh spinach and green onions can be added to other dishes.
Walnuts . Chop the kernels of 5-7 nuts and mix with a small amount of honey. The mixture must be prepared and eaten daily during a treatment course of three months. After a 20-day break, repeat treatment with nuts. Nut kernels can be replaced with nut tincture - the recommended dose for adults is 1 tablespoon. Therapeutic course – 3 months.
Sea buckthorn and hawthorn berries in any form, a mixture of figs, raisins and pistachios, and raw potato juice will help restore brain activity. The brain is an important system with a very complex structure and organization. Leaving any suspicious symptoms after a head injury is dangerous. Only timely consultation with a doctor and strict adherence to recommendations will help you quickly recover and return to your normal rhythm of life.
Alcohol poisoning
Vomiting is the first sign of poisoning
Distribution of surrogate and intemperance in drinking alcoholic beverages can easily lead to poisoning. Its complication can be death. Signs of poisoning may include:
- loss of consciousness
- cardiac dysfunction
- severe vomiting
- blindness due to damage to the optic nerve
- labored breathing
- increased heart rate
Emergency measures that can be applied to a person who has been poisoned by alcohol do not differ from those for any poisoning. It is necessary to reduce the concentration of alcohol in the stomach. To do this, induce vomiting, wash the stomach with a solution of soda or manganese in a weak concentration. Before the ambulance arrives, the victim is taken out into the fresh air and freed from tight clothing, a tie, and a scarf.
To alleviate the condition, you can apply a cold compress or ice to his head. You can put mustard plasters on the back of the head, calves, feet, let them sniff ammonia, and wipe the temples with it. To enhance the effect, give a solution of ammonia in cold water to drink (10 drops of ammonia per glass of water). These measures should significantly improve the victim's condition.
